Churn



(No Model.)

B. P. NELSON.

GHURN.

P ERS. PMloLKhognphef. Wbirion. D. C.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BENJAMIN F. NELSON, OF SANTA MARIA, GALFORNIA.

CHURN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 374,991, dated December 20l 1887. Application filed March 28, 1887. Serial No. 232,699. (No model.)

To all whom, zt-11mg concern:

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN F. NELSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Santa Maria, in the county-ot` Santa Barbara and State ofCalifornia, have invented new and useful Improvements in Ghurns, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvement-s in churns; and it consists of the peculiar con struction and combination of the various parts for service, substantially as hereinafter fully set forth, and particularly pointed out in the claim.

The object of my invention is to provide a churn that is especially adapted for use in large butter making or working establishments, Where it is desirable that improved means shall be provided for reciprocating a vertically-movable dasher by hand-power with great ease and without undue fatigue and labor to the operator or operators, which advantage or desiderata my invention possesses.

A further object of my invention is to pro vide an improved dasher for acting upon the cream in the churn-body which'shall permit the cream to pass freely and readily therethrough upon the upstroke of the dasher and without too great resistance, and thereby render the churning operation easier; to provide means for permitting the churn body or receptacle to be tilted from side to side to permit the butter to be gathered with greater facility, and to improve the churn in minor details of construction, so that it shall be simple, strong and durable, comparatively cheap and inexpensive of manufacture, and efficient in operation.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate a churn embodying my invention, Fig ure l is a perspective view. Fig. 2 is a vertical central sectional view on the line x :n of Fig. l. Fig. 8 is a detached perspective view of the dasher, and Fig. 4 is a like view of one of the operating-levers.

Referring to the drawings, in which like letters of reference denote similar parts in all the figures, A designates the main or supporting frame of my improved churn, which consists, preferably, of the side sills, a, whichv are secured upon a base-board or connecting-platform, c', and carry vertical standards or uprights ai, which are all rigidly and firmly se cured together, the upper ends of the standards or uprights being recessed or hollowed out to form the open-ended bearings b, in which are journaled the trunnions or shafts b of the receptacle or body B. This body B is of any desired or preferred shape-square, rectangular, round, &c.-and it is disposed in a vertical position between the standards or uprights in which its trunnions b are jonrnaled, as is obvious.

The receptacle is provided with a removable cover, B', having a depending flange orledge, b, which ts within the upper edges of the body and serves to prevent displacement of the cover, and the cover has a vertical central opening, b", through which passes and reciprocates a vertically-disposed dasherstaff, d, of the dasher D. The lower end ofthe dasherstaff carries a blade, @,which is rigidly secured thereto and preferably rectangular or square in form, and to this rigid blade e is pivoted or hinged wings c', which are arranged on opposite sides of the rigid blade, a cross-head, e, being secured to the lower end of the staff d. This staff passes entirely through the crosshead and has the rigidvblade e secured directly thereto, and the cross-head extends outwardly from and at right angles to the staff and over the wings, so that they abut against the cross head during the downstroke of the dasher, and are limited by the cross-head duringthe said stroke of the dasher. Each of these wings and the rigid blade are provided with transverse apertures or perforations for the passage therethrough of the cream during the downstroke of the dasher, and during the reverse or upstroke of the dasher the wings fall or descend by their own weight or gravity to permit the cream to fall or pass back beneath the dasher without hinderance, and thus decrease the resistance to the upward stroke or movement of the dasher, and consequently ease the operation. The upper end of the dasherstai' is extended through the opening in the churncover B', and through the extended upper end of the dasher-staff is passed a pivot pin or bolt, j, which serves to pivotally connect the operating or hand levers F of the churn to the dasher-staff, the said levers being arranged in ICD a horizontal position and transversely across able that the receptacle or body shall be held and exterior to the receptacle or shown.

The levers have their handlesf arranged on opposite sides of the receptacle or body, so that the operators can stand on opposite sides ofthe churn to operate the levers thereof by which the dasher is reciprocated, and the free ends of thc levers are pivotally connected to vertical arms or supports G, which are arranged on opposite sides of the body and carried thereby. Ihe levers are pivotcd at their middle or centers to the upper end of the dashcr rod or staff by the transverse pin or boltf, which is common to both hand-levers, and their free ends are arranged between the upper bifurcated portions ofthe vertical arms or supports G. These arms are pivoted at their lower or opposite ends in the parallel ears or lugs 7L of brackets I-I by means of transverse pins h', secured in the said lugs 7i, and the brackets H are secured directly to the receptacle or body B by screws, bolts, or other suitable fastening devices. I

Vhen the churn is in operation, it is desirY body, as

very rigid and firm in its proper upright position, and to carry into effect this object I employ a block or support, I, which is fitted beneath the churn body or receptacle, and rests on the base-board or platform of the frame A, the width of the support being equal to the space vbetween the bottom of the receptacle and the platform, so that the body is prevented from oscillating movement on its trunnions.

My invention is especially adapted for use in large butter making or working establishments, where it is customary to operate upon large quantities of cream-as, for instance, one hundred gallons at a single operation-and the receptacle is made of such a size as will contain the desired quantity, the levers being proportioned to the power required.

In operation, the cream is first placed in the receptacle and the cover replaced, after which the levers are connected to the dashervstaff and the free ends thereof grasped by the operator or operators and moved up and down alternately to reciprocate the dasher and thus act upon the cream to make the butter. After i the operation of churning has been completed, the levers are disconnected from the dashersta-ff and thrown to one side on their pivots of the vertical arms or supports, and the cover is removed to permit ready access to the interior of the body to remove t-he butter. During this operation of removing and gathering the butter the support or block is removed to permit the receptacle to be oscillated from one side to the other on its trnnnions, and thus enable the operator to more readily and quickly reach the parts to which t-he butter adheres and to gather the same.

It will thus be seen that I provide an improved ehnrn which can be operated with comparative ease by hand or manual power, to dispense with horsepower and other motors, and that the device permits of the ready and easy gathering of the butter after the churning has been completed.

rIhc device is simple and strong in construction, not liable to get ont of order, and can be manufactured at a comparatively small cost.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is. y

As an improvement in churns, the combination, with the body, of the brackets secured to the opposite sides of the churnbody, the

vertical arms having their lower ends pivoted to the brackets, the dasher-rod, the levers extending across the top of the churn and having a common pivotal connection with the dasherrod, their outer ends being pivotally connected to the upper ends of the vertical arms, the cross-head c2, secured to the lower end of the flasher-rod, the dasher c, secured to the under side thereof, and the Wings c', hinged to the opposite side edges of the dasher and limited in their upward movement by the ends of the cross-head c", all arranged and operating substantially as specified.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixed my signaturein presence of two witnesses.

BENJAMIN F. NELSGN.

1ifi/itnessesz y HENRY J. Kanon, S. E. CROW. 

